Page 6:45 Engine oil

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	To add or change oil Add oil of the same kind as already used. Capacity: 6.9 US qts=6.5 liters/5.7 lmp. qts. incl filter. Oil type: API Service SE classification. Viscosity: All year round           SAE 10W 40 Above +14°F (-10°C)                                SAE 20W-500
Checking oil level	Replace: Between first 600-1,200 miles (1,000-2,000 km) and every 7,500 miles (12,500 km) (or at least every sixth month).	Changing oil filter

The oil level should be checked each time the fuel tank is refilled Be sure the oil level is maintened between the upper and lower marks on the dipstick. Low oil level can cause internal damage to the engine and overfilling can result in high oil consumption. The distance in high oil consumption. The distance between the dipstick marks repre- sents approx. 2 US qts=2 liters/1.8 lmp.qts. of oil.

At temperatures below 0°F (-18°C), multi- grade oil SAE 5W-20 or SAE 5W-30 is recom- mended. However, this oil should not be used when the temperature is continuously above 32°F (0°C). Driving under adverse conditions such as high ambient temperatures, trailer hauling, hill climbing, driving long distances at high speeds, extended periods of idling, low speed operation or short trip operation at free- zing temperatures may require oil and filter changes more frequently (every third month). Drain the oil after driving while it is still hot.

Replace the oil filter at every change. If the oil filter is changed separately, ½ US qt. =0.5 liter/½ lmp. qt. of oil should be added.

Page 6:46 Cooling system

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Changing coolant		Changing oil filter
Every two years or 30.000 miles (50.000 km the cooling system should be drained, flushed and refilled. remove the expansion tank cap. Open the drain cocks on both sides on both sides of the engine block and disconnect the lower radi- ator hose. Fill coolant through the expansion tank. The heater controls should be fully open when draining and filling. Add coolant until the level is up to the MAX mark or slightly above.	Start engine and run until hot. Check the cooling system connections for tightness. Also re-check the coolant level. Capacity: 11.5 US qts=10.9 liters/9.6lmp.qts. Cooling system, hoses and connections Check all cooling system hoses and connec- tions for defects or deterioation of hoses and loose clamps or fittings.	The belt tension can be checked by depressing the fan belt at a point midway between the alternator and fan. It should be possible to press down the belt about 1/4" - 3/8" (5 - 10 mm). This also applies to other drive belts on the engine.

Page 6:47 Servicing

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Torque exhaust manifold nuts	Valves	Vacuum fittings, hoses and connections
The manifold nuts should be torqued at the 600-1,200 mile (1,000-2,000) km inspection. A loose manifold could alter air/fuel ratio and cause an increase in emissions and/or poor driveability.	The valve clearance should be checked every 30.000 miles (50.000km).	Unstable idle, misfiring or poor emission control is often caused by leaking vacuum hoses or connections. Check hoses and connections on distributor vacuum unit, con- nections on heater control servo systems and hydraulic brake servo.

Page 6:48 Servicing

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Lambda-sond™ (oxygen sensor) system This is an emission control system designed to reduce emissions and improve fuel eco- nomy. An oxygen sensor monitors the composition of the exhaust gases leaving the engine. The exhaust gas analysis id fed into an elec- tronic unit which continuously influences a frquency valve. This adjusts the air-fuel ratio to provide optimum conditions for com- bustion and efficient reduction of the three major pollutants (hydrocarbons, carbon mo- noxide and nitrous gases) by a 3-way catalic converter. Change oxygen sensor unit and reset service indication for oxygen sensor The oxygen sensor must be replaced every 30,000 miles (50.000 km) To reming the driver about the change of the oxygen sensor unit there is a special reminder light. (See section titled "Warning Lights".) The light will stay on until reset.

Page 6:49 Servicing

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Air cleaner	Checking and adjusting idling speed and mixture ratio and manifold balance	Change spark plugs
Replace the air cleaner cartidge with a new one every 30,000 miles (50,000 km) The car- tridge should be replaced more often when driving under dirty and dusty conditions. The filter cannot be cleaned and , therefore, should always be replaced with a new one.	These checks should be made every 15,000 miles (25.000 km). California models, however, only after the first 600-1,200 miles (1,000- 2,000 km). The idling speed should also be adjusted and the mixture ratio and manifold balance checked at the first time.	The spark plugs should be changed every 30,000 miles (50,000 km). However, city driving or fast highway driving may require changing after 7,500 miles (12,500 km) of driving. When fitting new plugs, be sure to fit the right type (Volvo Part No. 273593-4 or equivalent). Torque to 7-10 ft.lbs. 10-14 Nm). When changing the plugs, check that the suppressor connections are in good condition. Cracked or damaged connectors should be replaced. When changing spark plugs, clean the cables and cable terminals, also the rubber seals. If the car is driven on roads where salt is used during the winter, coat the cables with sili- cone.

Page 6:50 Servicing

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Fuel system cap, tank and lines, and connections	Special instructions for work on the fuel injection system	Fuel (line) filter
The effectveness of the fuel system to contain hydrocarbons is largely dependent on a leak-free system. Check for proper sealing of gasoline filler cap which contains "O" ring type seals. Check all evapoativr hoses in vehicle for tightness. Check fuel lines under vehicle and repair if necessary.	Extrme cleanliness is essential when working on the injection system. great care must be observed. Injection system services should be handled by qualified technicians, using equipment inten- ded for this servive.	The fuel filter is located on the firewall. This filter is to be changed every 30,000 miles (50,000 km). The filter is replaced as one com- plete unit. Replace more frequently if contaminated fuel was introduced into the tank.

Fuel (91 octane RON)	CI-System
Unleaded fuel is required for models with catalytic converter (all models). A label on the instruments panel and on the rear fender, near the filler inlet, will remind of this requirement. It is unlawful to dispense leaded fuel into a vehicle labeled : unleaded gasoline only".	The B28F engine is provided with a fuel injec- tion system called the CI system (Continuous Injection). Fuel injectors are open and inject fuel as long as the engine is operating. This system has few moving parts, is reliable and meets the exhaust emission standards at maximum efficiency. Air supplied to the engine is continuously measured and determines the amount of fuel injected. The air flow is regulated by two throttle valves. The air flow sensor and the fuel distributor are integrally built as a single unit. A lever is actuated by the air flow to produce continuous fuel distribution.

Page 6:51 Servicing

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Ignition timing

Crackcase ventilation

The ignition timing should be inspected at the 600-1,200 mile (1,000- 2,000 km) insection. All adjusting work should be done with pro- per equipment. The distributor is one of the most sensitive engine units. Careless handling can be lead to decreased engine output and high fuel consumption or even serious damage to the engine.

The engine is provided with positive crankcase ventilation which prevents crankcase gases from being released inti the atmosphere. Instead, the crankcase gases are admitted to the intake manifold and cylinders. Cleaning PCV valve The calibrated positive crankcase ventilation valve should be cleaned every 60,000 miles. Rubber hoses should be checked for damage at the same time. Replace if necessary.

Page 6:52 Servicing

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Catalytic converter This is a supplementary device in the exhaust system, designed to clean the remaining dirty exhaust gases. This device is mainly a container with a ceramic material insert, designed to let the exhaust gases pass through channels in the insert. The channel walls are covered by a thin layer of platina-palladium. These metals act as catalysy, permitting a chemical action action to occur without actually taking part in it. The CO content will increase if the Catalytic Converter is damaged. Lambda-sond™ equipped vehicles use Cataa- lytic Converters containing platinum and rho- dium.

Torque catalyc converter mounting bolts The Cataytic Converter mounting bolts should be torqued at 600-1,200 miles (1,00-2,000 km).

CAUTION: Vehicles with Catalytic Converter must use unleaded fuel only. Otherwise the Catalytic Converter will become ineffec- tive.

Page 6:53 Servicing

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Evaporative control system Vehicles intended for the North American markets are equipped with a gas evaporative control system, which prevents gasoline fumes from being released into the atmosphere. The system consists of an expansion space in the fuel tank, a pressure relief valve and a charcoal filter. The components are interconnected by hoses which channel fuel vapor from the gas tank to the charcoal filter where it is stored until the engine is started and then drawn into the engine fuel induction system.

Page 6:54 Transmission oil

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Manual 4-speed transmission with overdrive, M46
Capacity: 2.4 US qts = 2,3 liters/2.2 Imp.qts. Fluid type: Automatic Transmission Fluid type F or G Replace: at 600-1,200 mile (1,00-2,000 km) service only. The oil level should be up to the filler plug (A). Drain the oil immediately after driving, while it is still hot by remving plug (B).	Transmission and overdrive are lubricated by the same oil. Therefore, when the oil is drained through plug B, also remove cover on the over- drive and clean strainer.

Page 6:55 Transmission oil

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	A Cold gearbox oil - oil temperature +105°F (+40°C).     This is a normal temperature for the transmission after idling for     about 10 minutes.     At oil temperature below +40°C, The level may be below the MIN     mark. B Warm gearbox oil - oil temperature +195°F (+90°C).     This temperature is obtained when driving for about 30 minutes.     At oil temperature above +90°C, the level may be above the MAX.     mark.
Automatic transmission
Capacity:       7.3 US qts = 6,75 liters/6.4 Imp.qts. Fluid type:     Automatic Transmission Fluid type F or G (FLM) Replace:        no oil changes necessary un der normal driving                      conditions. Check the oil level as follows: Park the car on flat ground with the engine idling Slowly move selector, lever through all gear positions and then to position P. Wait 2 minutes before checking the oil level. As the illustrations shows, the dipstick has a "cold" and a "warm" side. The oil level should be between the MIN and MAX marks. Wipe the dipstick with a clean cloth. CAUTION! The oil may be very hot! Do not use rags with can leave lint on the dipstick. The transmission is topped up via the dipstick tube.	The space between the MIN and MAX marks on the dipstick corre- sponds to 0,5 liter. Do not fill the transmission with too much oil, since this can result in oil being ejected from the transmission. Too little oil, on the other hand, can negatively affect transmission operation, particularly in very cold weather.

Page 6:56 Rear axle, power steering, brake fluid

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Rear axle	Power steering	Brake fluid/Clutch fluid (only on cars with manual transmission)
Capacity:       1.7 US qts = 1,6 liters/1.4 Imp.qts. Oil type:         API GL-5 (MIL-L-2105 B or C) Viscosity:       SAE 90 Replace:        at 600-1,200 mile (1,000-2,000                      km) service only. The oil level should be up to the filler plug (A) Drain rear axle oil through drain plug (B). When the temperature is steadily below 15°F = -10°C, use API GL-5 SAE 80W oil. Cars equipped with limited slip differentials should use oils with proper additives	Capacity:      1.25 US qts = 1,2 liters/1.1 Imp.qts. Fluid type:     ATF Replace:        no fluid change required. The level should be between the MAX and MIN marks. Check fluid level with engine idling and after driving while the fluid still is hot. Wipe the reservoir clean.	Fluid type: DOT 4 Replace:        at 600-1,200 mile (1,000-2,000                      every third year or 45.000 miles                      (75,000 km) The brake fluid should                      be replaced once a year or every                      15,000 miles (25,000 km) for cars                      equipped with air dam. The clutch                      fluid does not need to be changed. Check, without removing the cap, that the level is above the "MIN" mark of the fluid reservoirs. Always entrust brake fluid changing to a Volvo dealer. Change brake fluid every year when driving under extremely hard conditions (mountain driving etc).

Page 6:57 Lubrication

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		No. Lubrucating point  1 Hood lock  2 Hood hinges  3 Door locks outer sliding     surfaces  4 Striker plate  5 Trunk lid hinges  6 Door hinges     Door stops  7 Front seat slide rails     and latch devices  8 Window regulator     Looking device     (Accessible after door up-     holstery panels removed)   9 Key holes 10 Trunk lid lock	Lubricant Paraffin wax Oil Paraffin wax Paraffin wax Oil Grease Oil Oil Oil, grease Silicone grease Lock oil Lock oil
Chassis maintenance To simply maintenance your Volvo has been equipped with ball joints, steering rods and propeller shafts that do not require regular lubrication. Points that normally require lubrcating have been packed with very durable grease at the factory and then carefully sealed, elinating the need for subsequent lubrication.	Lubricate body To avoid rattles and unnecessary wear, the body should be lubricated once a year. Hinges on hood, doors and trunk lid as well as door stops should be lubricated every 7,500 miles (12,500 km). During winter, locks in the doors and trunk lid should be treated with special anti-freeze lubricant to prevent freezing.

Page 6:58 Coolant

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Check coolant level	Top up with coolant
The cooling system must be filled with coolant and not leak to operate at maximum efficiency. Check the coolant level when filling fuel. The level should be between the "Max." and "Min" marks on the ex- pansion tank. The check should be made with particular thoroughness when the engine is new or the cooling system has been drained. Do not remove the filler cap other than for topping-up with coolant. Frequent removal may prevent coolant circulation between the engine and the expansion tank during engine warming up and cooling.	Top up with coolant by filling the expansion tank when level is at the "Min" mark. Use a mixture of 50 % anti-freeze/summer coolant and 50 % water all the year round. Top up to the "Max" mark. If the engine is warm, and you are going to top up coolant, unscrew the cap slowly in order to allow any excess pressure to escape. NOTE: Do not top up with water only. Water by itself reduces the rust-protective and anti- freeze qualities of the coolant and has a lower boiling point. It can also cause damage to the cooling system if it should freeze.

Text and pictures from owners manual yearmodel 1980

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