Page 4:29 Starting and Driving

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Page 4:29 One line Starting and Driving
Page 4:30 Running in
Page 4:31 Economic driving
Page 4:32 Starting the engine
Page 4:33 Manual gearbox with overdrive
Page 4:34 Automatic transmission
Page 4:35 Automatic transmission
Page 4:36 Towing
Page 4:37 Driving with caravan, trailer, roof rack
Page 4:38 Points worth noting





Page 4:30 Running-in

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Einfahrzeit
















Warranty inspection

After you have driven your car the first
1000 km-2000 km (600-1200 miles) or so,
submit it to a Volvo workshop for the warranty
inspection. This service is most important
since it involves engine and rear axle oil
change.

A new car is about to run-in!

When your car is new, we would recommend that you do not utilize its maximum performance
during the first 2000 km (1200 miles).
The following speeds should not be exceeded.

During the first 1000 km
(600 miles)

1st gear                30 km/h (20 mile/h)
2nd gear               50 km/h (30 mile/h)
3rd gear               80 km/h (50 mile/h)
4th gear             110 km/h (70 mile/h) 1)


1) 130 km/h (80 mile/h) with overdrive engaged
2) 150 km/h (90 mile/h) with overdrive engaged
Between 1000 and 2000 km
(600 and 1200 miles):

1st gear                 40 km/h (25 mile/h)
2nd gear                70 km/h (45 mile/h)
3rd gear               100 km/h (60 mile/h)
4th gear               130 km/h (80 mile/h) 2)


























Page 4:31 Economic driving

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Economic driving does not mean necessarily driving slowly

Driving economically means that you drive
gently and at moderate speeds at all times.
Here are a few tips which should be observed.

  • Warm up the engine as soon as possible,
       that is, do not let the engine idle but start
       driving under a light load as soon as possi-
       ble. A cold engine uses more fuel, and
       wear is greater than is the case with a warm
       engine.

  • Avoid driving only short distances since this
       does not enable the engine to become warm
       enough.

  • Drive gently. Avoid racing starts, hard accel-
       eration and abrupt braking.

  • Slightly lower the speed for highway and
       motorway driving.

  • Do not carry unnecessary loads in the car or
       boot.

  • Check the tyre pressure regularly, e.g., when
       refuelling

  • Avoid driving with winter tyres unless you
       have to.

  • Use a roof rack only when necessary.
  • An important part of ecoconomy driving is to use
    the gearbox in the rightway. Always select the
    right gear for the right operation!

  • Suitable gear-changing points in relation to
       speed are:

       1st - 2nd at approx. 20 km/h (12 mile/h)
       2st - 3nd at approx. 35 km/h (22 mile/h)
       3st - 4nd at approx. 50 km/h (30 mile/h)

  • If your car is fitted with an overdrive, you
       ought to use it as often as possible with nor-
       mal highway driving above approx. 70 km/h
       (45 mile/h).

  • Avoid using the kick-doen unnecessarily
       (automatic transmission).













  • Naturally, you should also keep your car, par-
    ticularly the engine, in good trim. Here are
    some factors which can increase fuel con-
    sumption:

  • Worn spark plugs

  • Faulty ignition setting

  • Clogged air cleaner

  • Faulty valve clearance

  • Malfuncioning air pre-heating

  • Faulty idling

  • Dirty engine oil and clogged oil filter

  • Brakes that "stick"

  • Faulty front wheel alignment

    All this and much more should be checked
    and, if necessary, put right at the 10 000 km
    (6000 miles) service in your Volvo workshop.










  • Page 4:32 Starting the engine

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    This is how you start the engine:

    Injection engine

    1. Apply the parking brake (handbrake).

    2. Move the gear lever to neutral position
       (position N or P - automatic transmission).

    3. Depress the clutch pedal.

    4. Do not touch the accelerator pedal!

    5. Turn the ignition key to the starting position.
       Release the key when the engine has start-
       ed.

    If the engine does not start immediately,
    depress the accelerator pedal half-way and
    keep it there untill the engine starts.

    Avoid repeated short attemts to start.
    (Each
    time the starter motor is engaged, fuel is in-
    jected into the engine.)
    Instead, allow the starter motor to operate for
    a somewhat longer period of time (but not
    more than 15-20 seconds each time).

    Never rev-up a cold engine immediatly after
    starting!



    Carburettor engine
    1 Apply the parking brake.
    2 Gear lever in neutral (position N or P-
       automatic transmission).
    3 Depress the clutch pedal.
    4 Cold engine:
       Temperature below +10°C (50°F):

       Pull out the choke fully, don not touch the
       accelerator pedal.
       Temperature above +10°C (50°F):
       Pull out the choke ¾.
       Hot Engine:
       Depress accelerator pedal half-way
       If the engine does not start immediately
       when hot, depress the accelerator pedal to
       the floor and keep it there until the engine
       starts
    5 Turn the ignition key to start position.
       Release the key when the engine has
       started.
    6 Push in the choke until best idling is ob-
       tained. Push it in more and more as the
       engine becomes warmer.
       The choke chould be pushed fully in when
       the engine is thoroughly warm.

    Never rev-up a cold engine immediatly after
    starting!
    Warm up the engine as soon as
    possible


    Experience has shown that engines in cars
    driven short distances with many stops in be-
    tween wear abnormally quickly. This is due to
    the fact that the engine is never given an op-
    portunity to attain normal operating tempera-
    ture.
    When starting the engine, try to get it soon as
    possible.
    Do not let the engine idle but start driving
    under light load as soon as possible.















    Warning!

    Before starting your car in a garage, always open the garagedoors.
    The exhaust gases from the engine, contain carbon monoxide which is poisonous and
    particulary dangerous since it is invisible and odourless.






    Page 4:33 Manual gearbox with overdrive
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    Gear lever positions Reverse gear inhibitor Overdrive Overdrive

    Gear lever positions

    R=Reverse
    Depress the clutch pedal fully when changing
    gear.











    Reverse gear inhibitor

    Pull up the ring with your fingers and engage
    reverse. The ring actuates the reverse gear
    inhibitor and prevents reverse from being un-
    intentionally engaged.










    Overdrive

    The overdrive can only be engaged in the 4th
    gear.

    Normally it is not necesarry to touch the clutch
    pedal or accelerator pedal when engaging the
    overdrive, but engagement is easier with
    steady throttle.
    When disengaging slightly depress the clutch
    pedal for smooth change-over to the 4th gear.

    For best fuel economy, the overdrive should be
    used as often as possible during normal high-
    way driving at speeds above approx. 70 km/h
    (45 mile/h).




    Page 4:34 Automatic transmission

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    Automatic transmission

    Selector lever positions



    P  Parking
    R  Reverse
    N  Neutral
    D  Drive
    2  Low gear
    1  Low gear
















    P parking

    Select this position when parking the car with
    engine stopped or running.

    The car must be standing still when selecting
    P!

    With the selector lever at P the transmission is
    mechanically blocked. When parking on a hill
    or suchlike, the parking brake should always
    be applied.



    R reverse

    The car must be standing still when selecting
    R!




    N neutral

    N
    is the neutral position, that is, no gear is
    engaged.

    Apply the parking brake when the car is
    parked with the selector lever at N.




    D drive

    D
    is the normal driving position. Changing up
    and down between the transmission' 3 gears
    takes place automatically depending on accel-
    eration and road speed.

    2 low gear

    Changing up and down between 1st and 2nd
    takes place automatically.
    But there is no changing up to 3rd.

    Engage position 2 if you wish to change down
    immediately to 2nd (provides more powerful
    braking).

    Position 2 can be used...

    with relatively slow motorway driving
    when driving in towns, etc.
    when driving in hilly country
    when overtaking
    in order to increase engine braking

    125 km/h (78 mile/h) (120 km/h=75 mile/h for
    cars with carburettor engine) is the max. per-
    mitted speed when position 2 is selected.

    1 low gear

    If position 1 is selected at high speed, 2nd en-
    gages. It is only when the speed has dropped
    to about 50 km/h (30 mile/h) that 1st engages.

    NOTE! There is no upchanging from 1st!

    Select position 1 if you only want to drive on
    1st gear and do not want to change up, e.g.,
    with driving in hilly country when position 1
    gives the best engine braking.

    125 km/h (78 mile/h) (120 km/h=75 mile/h for
    cars with carburettor engine) is the max. per-
    mitted speed when position 1 is selected.




    Page 4:35 Automatic transmission

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    Automatic transmission


    Selector lever gate

    The selector lever can be moved freely be-
    tween posistions D and 2 while the other posi-
    tions are provided with a gate which opens by
    depressing the button in the selector lever
    knob.
    To move the selector lever between positions
    N and 1 lightly depress the button in the knob
    with the palm of the hand.
    To move the selector lever to positions R and
    P, depress the button fully (best with the
    thumb). The button must also fully depres-
    sed when moving the selector lever from P.
    In other words, when the button is fully de-
    pressed, the selector lever can be freely moved
    between all the gear positions.

    Starting and stopping with
    automatic transmission

    1. Move the selector lever to P or N . (The
       engine cannot be started with the selector
       lever in any other position.)

    2. Start the engine in the normal way with the
       ignition key.

    3. Either apply the parking brake or depress
       the brake pedal lightly (otherwise the car
       will start moving slowly when the selector
       lever is moved to any of the driving posi-
       tions.)

    4. Move the selector lever to the desired driv-
       ing position.

    5. Release the brake and depress the accelera-
       tor pedal.

    The car is stopped very simpel by taking the
    foot off the accelerator pedal and by depress-
    ing the brake pedal.
    No need to touch the selector lever

    Kick-down


    When the accelerator pedal is depressed to the
    floor, immediate changing down to the next
    lower gear takes place automatically (kick-
    down). As soon as max. speed for this gear is
    obtained or if you ease the accelerator pedal
    out of the kick-down position, then you get
    automatic changing up to the next higher
    gear.
    Kick-down should be used when you want
    maximum acceleration, e.g., when overtaking.














    Remember!

  • The car must be stationary when selecting P or R!
  • The car must be idling when D, 2, 1 or R is selected and the car is statio-
       ary!
  • 125 km/h (78 mile/h) (120 km/h=75 mile/h for cars with carburettor
       engine) is the max. permissible speed when position 2 or 1 is selected
       during driving.




  • Page 4:36 Towing

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    Towing eye font Towing eye rear Starting battery

    Always remember the following when about to tow!


  • Unlock the steering wheel in order to steer the car!
  • Bear in mind regulations cencerning maximum permisssible speed when towing!
  • Also bear in mind that the servo assistance provided by the foorbrake does not function when
        the engine is not running! So you have to depress the brake pedal 3 or 4 times harder is
        the case when the rngine is running!
  • If the cas has power-assisted stering, the steering will feel considerably heavier.
  • Drive as smoothly as possible. Try to keep the towline stretched in order to avoid unnecessary
        jerking.
    Special recommendations for automatic transmissions
  • The selector lever should be in posistion N, the transmission must be properly adjusted and the
        oil level correct (see page 48).
  • Maximum permissible speed: 20 km/h)! Maximum permissible towing distance:
        30 km (20 miles)!
  • The engine cannot be started by towing



  • Starting with helper starter battery

    It is not possible to start an engine in a car
    with automatic transmission by towing. A help-
    er starter battery and jumper cables should be
    used instead.
    Always connect the +cable from the helper
    starter battery to the +pole on the car battery
    and the -cable to the -pole (otherwise the
    car alternator will be damaged).

    Starting the engine by towing
    (Car with manual gearbox)

    The towing car is started and driven at an even
    speed.
    Towed car: turn ignition key to starting posi-
    tion (pull out the choke if the engine is cold).
    Depress the clutch pedal, engage 3rd or 4th
    gear, allow car to pick up some speed and
    gradually take your foot off the clutch pedal.
    As soon as the engine starts, depress the
    clutch pedal.




    Page 4:37 Driving with caravan, trailer, roof rack

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    When preparing your for towing
    a caravan or trailer, remember the
    following:


  • The towing bracket on the car should be of
        an approved type. Volvo dealers have tow-
        ing brackets designed by Volvo for your car
        and will install one for you together with the
        necessary ancillary equipment.
        Note that the electric cables for the cara-
        van, trailer etc., cannot be connected to the
        car wiring anywhere you like.
    The reason
        for this is that the bulb failure warning
        light is connected to the car electrical system in
        a special way
  • The outside rear view mirrors must have
        longer arms so as to provide unobstrcted
        rear visionsince the trailer is generally wider
        than the car. These extended rear view
        mirrors may only be used when the cara-
        van is hitched up.

  • The maximum permissible weight of the
        caravan, etc., to be towed is 1500 kg (3300 lb).
  • With the Volvo levelling control, we avoid
        rear end droop when towing a caravan. Ask
        your Volvo dealer.








  • Driving with a caravan or trailer be-
    hind normally does not involve any
    particular problems, but we still think
    that you should observe that...

  • The load in the caravan should be distri-
        buted so that the tow bar exerts a weight of
        about 50-70 kg (110-155 lb) on the car
        towing bracket.
  • The towing bracket ball head should be
        cleaned regularly and lightly greased in
        order to avoid unnecessary wear.
  • Remember that the engine, clutch and gear-
        box have more to pull.
        Change down in good time and avoid la-
        bouring the engine.
        Drive off and change gear as smothly as
        possible
  • Braking distances are no longer than normal.
        Avoid braking hard.
  • There will be a slight increase in fuel con-
        sumption owing to the heavier weight being
        pulled and the greater air resistance.
  • Also bear in mind that acceleration will be
        somewhat reduced compared to normal
        when overtaking because of the greater
        weight.
  • The caravan is apt to be sensitive to side-
        winds.
  • The pressue in the car rear tyres should be
        increased. How much will depend on the
        weight on the towing bracket.
  • Reversing with a caravan hitched up re-
        quires some training. You should do some
        practicing before the holiday trip.





  • Remember that legislation regarding maxi-
        mum permissible speed with caravan,
        trailer, etc., can vary from country to coun-
        try.

    Driving with a roof rack

  • Use a stable rack which is intended for and
        can be properly fixed to the car roof. Volvo
        dealers sell roof racks which have been
        developed by the Volvo Factory.
  • Spread the load evently over the roof rack,
        avoid lopsidedness.
  • Remember that the car's centre of gravity
        and driving properties alter with the weight
        of the load.
  • Bear in mind that the surface exposed to
        wind increases with the size of the load.
  • Anchor the load well with strong ropes, etc,
  • Drive smootly, avoid jack-rabbit starts,
        sharp cornering and abrupt braking.
  • It is not advisable to let the roof rack remain
        unused on the roof for lengthy periods as
        this unnecessarily exposes it to weather and
        wind. A roof rack increasees the car' wind
        resistance and thus also the fuel consump-
        tion
  • The maximum permissible roof load is 10
        kg (220 lb).





  • Page 4:38 Points worth noting

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    Driving and steering



    At the specified kerb weight, your car has a
    tendency to understeer. This is counertacted
    when rounding bends by turning the steering
    wheel more. THis should ensure stable driving
    and reduce the risk of rear wheel skid
    Remember that these properties can alter de-
    pending on how the car is loaded.

    The pressure in the tyres is also of the greatest
    importance with regard to the car's operation.
    We would advise you not to experiment too
    much with the air pressure but follow our
    recommendations on page 55. We also advise
    you not to fit different types of tyres, for exam-
    ple, radial and diagonal, since thios can alter
    the handling of the car considerably. Wheels
    of different makes or sizes should not be fit-
    ted for the same reason.




    Do not drive with boot lid open

    While driving with the boot open, exhaust
    gases (poisonous carbon monoxide) can be
    sucked into the car via the boot.
    If you still have to drive with the boot lid open,
    proceed as follows:
    1. Close all windows.
    2. Set the FLOOR and DEF controls to MAX
        and FAN to 3

    Moisture on brake discs and brake
    linings alters the braking properties!

    When you drive your car in heavy rain or
    through pools of water and when washing it,
    water can splash onto the brake properties of the
    brake linings so that a certain delay in the
    braking effect can sometimes be noticed.

    If you drive long distances in rain or slush, you
    should depress the brake pedal lightly now
    and again in order to heat up the brake linings
    and remove the moisture on them. This should
    also be done after washing the car and after
    starting in very damp weather.



    Spoiler


    A spoiler fitted on the car affects the air cool-
    ing of the front wheel brakes. For this season,
    a spoiler may only be fitted together with
    certain types of wheels, see page 56.



    If the brake servo does not function

    The brake servo only functions when the
    engine is running.

    If your car is started by being pushed or towed,
    you must depress the brake pedal about 4
    times harder compared to what you would do
    when the engine is running
    The brake pedal is stiff and hard when the
    brake servo is not functioning.

    Failure in one of the brake circuits

    Brake failure light


    The brake failure warning light goes on.
    The brake pedal feels easier to depress and
    goes down slightly further.
    However, you do not need to depress the brake
    pedal harder in order to get normal braking.

    If the warning light goes on: drive to a work-
    shop and have the brake system checked.






    With very severe loading on the
    brakes

    When driving, for example, into the Alps or other
    correspondingly mountainous areas, the car
    brakes will be exposed to extremely severe
    loading.
    Since the speed is also often very low, the
    brakes are not cooled so efficiently as during
    rapid driving on a flat road.
    In order not to load the brakes unduly, you
    should change down to the same gear you use
    when you driving uphill, instead of using
    the footbrake. The following applies to cars
    with an automatic transmission: Engage posi-
    tion 2 or possibly position 1. With this method,
    the engine brakes are utilized more effectively
    and it is only necessary to use the foorbrake
    for brief moments.









    Text and pictures from owners manual yearmodel 1979

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